Pahari Painting

The truthful significance of Pahari painting is a painting from the mountainous regions. The term pahar stands for the word mountain in Hindi. Pahari painting is an umbrella term used for a type of Indian painting. This unique type of painting begins from the Himalayan Hill kingdoms of North India, during 17th-19th century. Remarkably Basohli, Mankot, Nurpur, Chamba, Kangra, Gulley, Mandi, and Garhwal were done mostly in tiny forms.

Initially the Pahari School was urbanized and flourishes during 17th-19th centuries. It extends from Jammu to Almora and Garhwal, in the sub-Himalayan India, via Himachal Pradesh.Each creates stark variations within the type, varying from bold intense Basohli Painting that originates from Basohli in Jammu and Kashmir, to the delicate and lyrical Kangra paintings. This style was identical to the style before other schools of paintings developed, that reached its peak with paintings of Radha and Krishna, inspired by Jayadev's Gita Govinda.

This unique kind gave birth to a new language in Indian painting, and grew out of the Mughal painting, though this was supported mostly by the Raj put kings who ruled numerous parts of the county.

Oil Painting

Oil painting is done with coloring pigments that are bounced with a medium of drying oil particularly in early modern Europe, linseed oil. 

Regularly linseed oil was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense was popularly called as 'varnishes' and was valued for their body and gloss. 

The occasionally used oils include poppy-seed oil, walnut oil, and safflower oil.

These oils provide a variety of properties to the oil paint, such as less yellowing or different freshening times.

The gloss of the paints varies depending on the oil. 

Painters frequently use different kinds of oils in the same painting depending on specific colors and effects desired. 

The paints itself provides a particular stability depending on the medium. 

The oil painting did not achieve popularity when it was initially used for the Buddhist Paintings by Indian and Chinese painters in western Afghanistan a short time between the fifth and ninth centuries.

In recent years, water soluble oil paint has come to importance, to some extent restoring the procedure of traditional oils.

Water soluble paints enclose an emulsifier which permits them to be thinned with water. It also allows very fast drying times (1-3 days) when compared with traditional oils (1-3 weeks).

Pastel Painting

Pastel painting is defined as a fine art medium in the form of a stick. It contains pure powdered dye and a binder. The coloring used in pastels includes all colored art media such as oil paints, binder etc. The binder is of a neutral shade and low diffusion.

The accurate composition and uniqueness of an individual stick which is used in pastel painting depends on the nature of pastel and the amount of binder used. It may vary by individual manufacturer. Gum Arabic and gum tragacanth are the binders which have been used traditionally for dry pastels. The binder Methyl cellulose was introduced in the twentieth century. It contains often a chalk or gypsum component in it. 

The dry pastel media may be sub divided as follows:

• Soft pastels: This is the most extensively used form of pastel. The sticks used for soft pastels have a superior portion of pigment and less binder, ensuing in brighter colors.
• Hard pastels: The hard pastels have an elevated piece of binder and less pigment, producing a sharp drawing objects that is useful for fine details.
• Pastel pencils: The pastel pencils contain a pastel lead. They are used to add fine details of drawing.

Different approach to manufacture

• Oil pastels : These oil pastels have a soft, buttery uniformity and strong colors. They do not need glue and are slightly more difficult to blend than soft pastel.
• Water-soluble pastels : These are parallel to soft pastels, but have a water-soluble component in it such as glycol. This permits the colors to be thinned out using water wash.

Ceramic Painting

The word ceramic and ceramic arts stands for art objects such as information, tiles, and tableware prepared with clay and other rare resources by the progression of pottery. 

Some ceramic products are observed as very well art, while some are regarded as ornamental, industrial or applied art objects, or as work of art in archaeology. This kind of painting process involves one individual or a group of people to design, make and decorate the ware. Decorative ceramics are sometimes termed as "art pottery".

The sound "ceramics" arrives from the Greek word keramikos meaning "pottery", which in turn comes from keramos means "potter's clay”. Most traditional ceramic goods were made from soil or clay mixed with other materials, fashioned and subjected to heat. The tableware, decorative ceramics and many are normally made this way. 

Ceramics is the fine art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials by the act of warmth according to the modern ceramic engineering usage. It leaves out glass and mosaic made from glass tesserae.

Digital painting

Digital painting is an emerging unique trend of art and design that will not fade away any time soon.  It flourishes mostly in production art and very vibrant that includes traditional painting methods namely watercolor, oils, impasto, etc are pertained using digital tools. These digital tools are used by means of a computer, a digitizing tablet, stylus and software. Digital painting varies from the other appearance of digital art especially computer generated art. 

Many artists make use of painting techniques in order to create the digital painting directly on the computer. Almost all digital painting programs consume various brushes and paint effects in order to imitate the use of physical media. Many programs include brushes that are digitally styled to symbolize our traditional style like acrylics, pastels, oils, charcoal, air brushing and pen.

The artist can make their own brush by means of a combination of texture and shape. It is very significant to overpass the gap between traditional and digital painting. Software for digital painting includes Corel Painter, Adobe Photoshop, ArtRage, and GIMP and open Canvas. This kind of paintings is extensively used in conceptual design for film, television and video games. 

Impressionism, Realism, and watercolor are some types of digital painting.

Tanjore painting

An imperative form of classical South Indian painting which is subject to the town of Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, India is Tanjore painting. The Nayakas of Thanjavur encouraged art, classical dance and music as well as literature both in Telugu and Tamil before the period of 1600 AD. Tanjore paintings are well known for its surface wealth, bright colors and dense composition. The major subject of Tanjore paintings is their Hindu gods and goddesses, and saints as well.

Tanjore painting process consists of many stages. The initial stage is to make the preliminary drawing of the image on the base. The base can be a cloth pasted over a wooden base.  After that the chalk powder or zinc oxide is mixed with water-soluble adhesive and applied on the bottom and in order to make the bottom smoother, a gentle coarse is applied a little bit. 

After the completion of the drawing, the image is decorated with the jewellery and the apparels. The stones which are used to decorate the image are called as semi-precious stones or Jaipur stones. The jewellery has also been decorated with threads or laces. Then the gold foils are placed on top of it. And at last pigments are used to add colors to the figures in the paintings.

Tanjore figures paintings are fixed. The figures are addressed in the center of the board in which the inside portion is beautifully decorated with arches or curtains.

Glass Painting

Usually, glass painting refers to painting on the exterior of a sheet of glass to be included in a stained glass work.

The major types of paints and processes used for glass painting are:

Traditional stained glass painting

This kind of paints includes the following such as,

• vinegar trace paint,
• matt paint,
• silver stain,
• Oil based paints.

Paints made for surfaces other than glass

It is also possible to paint on glass with paints that are specially made for painting on other surfaces. Oil paints and acrylic paints can work, as will extensively accessible alternatives such as model paint or automobile paint.

Air-dried and oven cured glass paints

These paints have the advantage of being specially invented for painting on glass. They come in two ways:

• air-dried
• Oven cured.

The most excellent known producer of air-dried and oven cured paints are Delta and Pebeo.

Glass enamels

Painting with glass enamels has developed appreciably in popularity the last few years because the range of colors is widespread, and the ability to mix colors means that a practically unlimited palette is available.Glass enamels are prepared of minute glass units, care must be taken to make sure that they are well-matched with the base glass being painted on. 

Screen printing

Screen-printing is sometimes known as silk-screening process, in which ink is enforced through holes in a mesh screen and onto paper or cloth. Wax or other materials are used to fill a number of the holes and make models by scheming where the ink goes. 

Other photographic and printing techniques

It is also likely to produce paintings on glass using other photographic, printing, or xerographic techniques.The simplest of all these method is probably the use of the screen-printing procedure to achieve photographic detail.The use of print-making techniques to print on glass was found by Harvey Littleton, the father of the studio glass movement.