In the Momoyama period (1573-1603), a series of armed leaders, such as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, cracked to bring harmony and political firmness to Japan after the period of almost 100 years of warfare.
In response to the militaristic climate of the times two fresh forms of structural design were developed. They are the castle - a protective structure built to house a feudal lord and his soldiers in times of danger; and the shoin - a reception hall.
The art of this period was characterized by a strong, lavish, and lively style, with gold lavishly applied to structural design, furnishings, paintings, and garments. The showily ornamented castle constructed by the daimyo for protection and to exhibit their newly obtained power demonstrated this splendor. The progress of the visual arts during this period was distinguished by the energetic patronage of two groups namely the military leadership, who brought civil strength, and the merchant class, which formed the economic backbone of the re-energized urban centers.
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